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However, achieving practical high energy density requires high iodine content and mass loading, which slow iodine redox kinetics and exacerbate I\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    hydrolysis and shuttling. Here, we present a robust quasi\u2010solid electrode (QE) architecture in which molecularly dispersed iodine that spatially confined within a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)\u2013N\u2010methyl\u20102\u2010pyrrolidone (NMP) gel network\u2014otherwise volatile\u2014enabling high iodine retention during electrode processing. Iodine not only acts as the active material but also drives gel\u2010phase formation and stabilization via NMP\u00b7I\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    charge\u2010transfer complexation and strong polyiodides\u2013PAN interactions, integrating a robust, elastic structure further reinforced by the kosmotropic effect in ZnSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    electrolyte. This architecture accelerates both I\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/I\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    and I\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/I\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    redox kinetics, achieves high\u2010loading (up to 100\u00a0mg cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), high iodine fraction in the electrode (\u223c53 wt.%), and record areal capacities (17.5 mAh cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 2eZIBs and 23.44 mAh cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 4eZIBs), along with suppressed self\u2010discharge and scalable ampere\u2010hour pouch\u2010cell stability. This shuttle\u2010free design combines efficient mass transfer with mechanical robustness, providing a promising solution for energy\u2010dense iodine batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:30:07Z","timestamp":1779262207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quasi\u2010Solid Iodine Electrode for High\u2010Areal\u2010Capacity Aqueous Iodine Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio\u2010Sensing and Chemometrics Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio\u2010Sensing and Chemometrics Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio\u2010Sensing and Chemometrics Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjun","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio\u2010Sensing and Chemometrics Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-340X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio\u2010Sensing and Chemometrics Joint International Research Laboratory of Energy Electrochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202108856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-024-00597-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20331-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c02085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202404784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2024.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202405473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE01567J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60528-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2025.102000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EE03077B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55656-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202418069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.0c00612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2022.124828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202320258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c01423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2019.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.minpro.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE01538E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/js9900856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"The Three Dimensional Solubility Parameter and Solvent Diffusion Coefficient, Their Importance in Surface Coating Formulation","author":"Hansen C. 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