{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:03:48Z","timestamp":1784297028777,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B1515020020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515020020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52536005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52536005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52576090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52576090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Efficient gas transport and abundant triple\u2010phase boundaries (TPBs) are vital for thick cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), yet remain challenging to realize. In this work, we introduce a carbon\u2010based nanotrap architecture functionalized with pyrrolic\u2010N groups, which reorganizes the Pt\u2013carbon\u2013ionomer interface to enhance local oxygen supply. These nanotraps simultaneously confine Pt nanoparticles and ionomer, forming continuous pathways for oxygen, protons, and electrons, thereby significantly increasing active TPB density. The underlying enhancement mechanism is validated by x\u2010ray tomography and 3D two\u2010phase flow simulations. Using a 15.5 \u00b5m\u2010thick CCL, the optimized electrode achieves peak power densities of 1940 mW cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 1410 mW cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Air\u2014improvements of \u223c30% and \u223c80%, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits a good stability, with a voltage decay rate of only 43.8 \u00b5V h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 1.5 A cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    over 1000 h. This nanotrap concept offers a versatile interfacial design strategy for advanced gas\u2010diffusion electrodes in energy conversion technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:11:51Z","timestamp":1781266311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanotrap Architectures for Mitigating Interfacial Transport Limitations in Cathode Catalyst Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Zhiyin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Thermo\u2010Fluid Engineering and Science of MOE School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4384-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"SinoHykey Technology Company Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3000-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf9050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau0630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj9980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918-023-00190-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010020\u201000709\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2023.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010021\u201000824\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010022\u201000776\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EE03553G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003482\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.117012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010020\u201000824\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033892\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.10.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202302582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE04320K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt4914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE02530A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf4863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201058679\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.4524344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202510847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","article-title":"Enhancing Oxygen Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane","volume":"64","author":"Teng J. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fuel Cell Through Nanoconfined Triple Phase Interface Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202516035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c10742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c07738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.022.202202552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010022\u201001170\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201908232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","unstructured":"Anonymous U.S. DRIVE Partnership. DOE Technical Targets for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Components(2017) https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/eere\/fuelcells\/doe\u2010technical\u2010targets\u2010polymer\u2010electrolyte\u2010membrane\u2010fuel\u2010cell\u2010components."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2025.101853"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.02.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2020.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3382344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.061212jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0221508jes"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.73702","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.73702","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.73702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:24:30Z","timestamp":1784294670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.73702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.73702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.73702","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73702"}}