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While these concepts have been widely explored in planar configurations, their extension to conformal geometries has received comparatively little attention, despite the prevalence of curved platforms in practical applications. Here, space\u2010time coding conformal metasurfaces are examined as a platform for multifrequency beam steering and shaping on nonplanar structures. A representative cylindrical geometry, characterized by translational invariance of the supporting structure along one direction and mild curvature along the orthogonal transverse coordinate, is adopted as a physically relevant configuration that enables accessible modeling of curvature effects. The proposed design strategy combines semi\u2010analytical modeling with hybrid synthesis techniques, including evolutionary optimization. The resulting responses are validated through experimental measurements on an X\u2010band conformal prototype employing a segmented architecture that enables controlled cylindrical bending, showing good agreement with theoretical predictions. These results demonstrate that multifrequency beam steering and shaping can be achieved on curved surfaces, establishing space\u2010time coding as a viable and scalable approach for dynamic wave manipulation in realistic conformal environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:23:26Z","timestamp":1783430606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Space\u2010Time Coding Conformal Metasurfaces for Multifrequency Beam Steering and Shaping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Filippo","family":"Pepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fields &amp; Waves Lab Department of Engineering University of Sannio  Benevento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Ning","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao Qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Iudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Security and Cybersecurity in Complex Systems and Air Traffic Management Unit Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA)  Capua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Castaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fields &amp; Waves Lab Department of Engineering University of Sannio  Benevento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Di Renzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics and Digital Technologies (IETR) CNRS and CentraleSup\u00e9lec  Cesson\u2010S\u00e9vign\u00e9 France"},{"name":"Centre for Telecommunications Research Department of Engineering King's College London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5862-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tie Jun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Galdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fields &amp; Waves Lab Department of Engineering University of Sannio  Benevento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2012.6230714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201800592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2024.240095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2024.240085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0271341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2014.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2022.3169397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0242451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201006802\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2944225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2944216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.13.044040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.565657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.543744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/epjam\/2020007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9802673"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202519200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202500406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2935192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3323094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010021\u201000554\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwac225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102021\u20100006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"S. 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