{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:01:08Z","timestamp":1790859668920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"55","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22439002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22439002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22409178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22409178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252300423965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300423965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Affordable and stable organodisulfide anolytes are attractive for long\u2010duration aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) for grid energy storage. However, the sluggish redox reactions involving the cleavage\/formation of sulfur\u2013sulfur (S\u2500S) bonds cause severe polarization and limited capacity utilization, thus hindering the practical application of organodisulfide anolytes in ARFBs. Herein, we report a homogeneous catalysis strategy employing hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    , OHCbl) as an environmentally benign and biocompatible precatalyst which can enable molecular cobalamin(II) catalysis for organodisulfide anolytes. Cobalamin(II) generated in situ by electrochemical reduction of OHCbl bidirectionally accelerates the redox reactions of S\u2500S bonds and significantly decreases the overpotential of the ARFB with SPS (bis(sodium sulfopropyl) disulfide) anolyte from 1.24\u00a0V to 0.36\u00a0V at 40\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , boosting the energy efficiency from 18% to 66%. The OHCbl\u2010catalyzed ARFB with 1.0\u00a0M SPS anolyte delivers a capacity of 51.45 Ah L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    operated at 100% state of charge and remains stable for 850 cycles at 50\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    with a low decay rate of 0.0189% per day. Moreover, a nearly saturated 1.3\u00a0M SPS\u2010based ARFB achieves 96.2% capacity utilization, corresponding to 67.05 Ah L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    delivered capacity. This cobalamin(II) catalysis strategy addresses the kinetic bottlenecks inherent to organodisulfide\u2010based anolytes for ARFBs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.74467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:09:49Z","timestamp":1785866989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin B\n                    <sub>12<\/sub>\n                    Precatalyst Enables Molecular Cobalamin(II) Catalysis for Organodisulfide Anolytes in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhe","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7149-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3746-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongzhu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2cs00765g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426\u2010023\u20101908\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.0c02855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3cs00703k"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202515639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202405427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202110010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c17809"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2022.231001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010018\u20100167\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c11887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c18379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4cs00318g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c04176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c01588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c02603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2017.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201030044\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010021\u201000804\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2020.100540"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201011176\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2021.100746"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202514281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010023\u201001370\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.checat.2022.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030720z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic040022c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b610158e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200700606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic001365n"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1dt10219b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2013.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13060651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar5004016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja974024q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.8b06103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202211338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201058165\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201059962\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201900039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201907934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.9b02676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202514452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9795"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c02530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202519793"}],"container-title":["Advanced 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