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This paper comprehensively reviews the emerging frontier of stimuli\u2010responsive smart antibacterial fibers (SAFs), which embody a paradigm shift towards on\u2010demand and targeted proactive antimicrobial functionality. Based on response mechanisms, the specific stimuli sensed by SAFs are classified as endogenous infection microenvironments (i.e., pH, dysregulated enzyme activity, and redox potential, etc.) and exogenous physical activation (i.e., light, ultrasound, mechanical force, and magnetic, etc.). Furthermore, this review systematically expounds on the fundamental design principles of SAFs (how to achieve \u201csmartness\u201d), antibacterial mechanisms (how to achieve \u201cantibacterial activity\u201d), and innovative applications in various fields. Subsequently, current challenges are thoroughly discussed, and promising future research directions are outlined. 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This review aims to establish a foundational framework inspiring innovation in developing next\u2010generation antibacterial fibers with superior therapeutic precision and functional sophistication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.74601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:36:56Z","timestamp":1787297816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smart\u2010Responsive Antibacterial Fibers: Mechanisms, Fabrication, and Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hanpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science &amp; Engineering the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China Tianjin University  Tianjin 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