{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:17:51Z","timestamp":1787977071959,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52422310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52422310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22175086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22175086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20240169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20240169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M731578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M731578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plant stress during growth, caused by extreme environments and biotic attacks, threatens global biodiversity and crop production, necessitating urgent elucidation of plant adaptation mechanisms. Endogenous hormones of plant growth serve as master regulators and earliest indicators of stress adaptation, making it crucial to monitor their dynamics continuously. However, existing methods, including chromatography and electrochemical probes, fail because of their mismatch with the irreversible and plastic nature of plant growth. Here, we unexpectedly find a growing fiber sensor based on an electrode consisting of a dynamic polymer network infiltrated with liquid metal, termed metalgel. The sensor undergoes irreversible elongation \u223cup to 10 times its original length under just 3.2\u00a0kPa tensile stress, at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than existing electronic conductive systems, thus achieving synchronous deformation with plant growth without inducing mechanical damage or hormonal disturbances. Hormone dynamics and relevant signaling pathways during plant growth in response to pathogen infection, salt stress, and even extreme ultraviolet radiation are thus revealed by the sensor. This work provides quantitative insights into plant stress resilience mechanisms and offers a feasible route to alleviate the food and ecological crises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.74856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T03:44:48Z","timestamp":1787975088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growing Fiber Sensors Enable Continuous In Vivo Monitoring of Plant Hormones"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Kuangyi","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Viticulture and Enology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2992-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3536-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiding","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Er","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongle","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xusong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7120-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotian","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580\u2010022\u201000479\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/news.2011.553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010025\u201001923\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010024\u201000742\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2021.109070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913007117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adw7650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477\u2010024\u201001865\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c01131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477\u2010020\u20100632\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010022\u201001274\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2023.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk7488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw7279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj6315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.93.10.1415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971\u2010021\u201005584\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3sm00709j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202419814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201044848\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477\u2010023\u201001425\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477\u2010019\u20100476\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.157016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103\u2010008\u20109427\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011\u20101344(98)00182\u20101"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.74856","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.74856","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.74856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T03:44:49Z","timestamp":1787975089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.74856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.74856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.74856","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e74856"}}