{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:08:22Z","timestamp":1788930502345,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011652","name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR 288\u2010422213477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR 288\u2010422213477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nontrivial topological spin\u2010textures, such as skyrmions, merons, bimerons, and skyrmioniums, are envisioned as robust building blocks for future memory and logic devices. Controllable transformations between these states require a quantum\u2010mechanical description of electronic degrees of freedom and atomic\u2010scale insight beyond existing phenomenological models. Here, we report an atomic\u2010scale investigation of topological phase transitions and their protection in the two\u2010dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    GeTe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (FGT) using a combined experimental\u2010theoretical approach. Synchrotron\u2010based Fourier transform holography directly images labyrinth domains, isolated skyrmions, mixed labyrinth\u2010skyrmion phases, and skyrmion bags with high spatial resolution. We compare these observations to simulations based on an electronic lattice Hamiltonian that captures both metallicity and relativistic spin\u2010orbit coupling in FGT. By systematically exploring a broad range of temperatures and magnetic fields, we map the mechanisms governing topological transitions and their stability. This sequential\u2010integrated experimental\u2010theoretical framework advances understanding of spin\u2010texture interactions and enables precise control of external tuning parameters. Our results establish a platform for creating, stabilizing, and manipulating topological states, paving the way for engineered spin\u2010texture transitions in next\u2010generation spintronic technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.74883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1788928017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topological Spin\u2010Texture Transitions in van der Waals Magnets Revealed by X\u2010Ray Fourier Transform Holography"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3965-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sourav","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Elektronen\u2010Synchrotron DESY  Hamburg 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Villigen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefin","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santanu","family":"Pakhira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology  Karlsruhe Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physics Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology  Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1530-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samik","family":"DuttaGupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9823-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7580-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9057-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastian","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4723-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir\u2010Abbas","family":"Haghighirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology  Karlsruhe 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L.Schad A. M.Vibhakar et\u00a0al. \u201cSymmetry\u2010Designed BiFeO3 Single Domain Spin Cycloid for Efficient Spintronics \u201d preprint arXiv October 9 2024:https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.22447."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00807-1","article-title":"Observation of Fluctuation\u2010Mediated Picosecond Nucleation of a Topological Phase","volume":"20","author":"B\u00fcttner F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201030740\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202208930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202312935","article-title":"Topological Spin Textures: Basic Physics and Devices","volume":"37","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100770\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101424\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100626\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jlpea15020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1166767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2013.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.103.104410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017566\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201004953\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.075423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201041382\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.3.031001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311949","article-title":"Topological Spin Textures in an Insulating van der Waals Ferromagnet","volume":"36","author":"Grebenchuk S. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b02849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201037082\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b03453","article-title":"Observation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles in a van der Waals","volume":"20","author":"Ding B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-024-00463-y","article-title":"Spin\u2010Reorientation Driven Emergent Phases and Unconventional Magnetotransport in Quasi\u20102D van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe4GeTe2","volume":"8","author":"Pal R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj 2D Materials and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.109.L220404","article-title":"Prediction of Stable Nanoscale Skyrmions in Monolayer Fe5GeTe2","volume":"109","author":"Li D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201093402\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201032605\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202500599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202205967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047579\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045310\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s44306-024-00024-5","article-title":"High\u2010Temperature N\u00e9el Skyrmions in Fe3GaTe2 Stabilized by Fe Intercalation Into the van Der Waals Gap","volume":"2","author":"Saha R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Spintronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045318\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b03316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.6.014002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c04434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047715\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41524\u2010022\u201000937\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03139","article-title":"Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Nanostructures by X\u2010Ray Spectro\u2010Holography","volume":"432","author":"Eisebitt S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"254","volume-title":"Structural Dynamics With X\u2010Ray and Electron Scattering, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Series","author":"Pfau B.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005537\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.505999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202110583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.12.054032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.100.134441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.100.024434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.102.075106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2005\u201000261\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.93.144404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.109.104410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033560\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.72.193201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c03130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.0c00269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aop.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/92\/67004","article-title":"Disordered Topological Insulators via C*\u2010Algebras","volume":"92","author":"Loring T. 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