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While aqueous treatments, mainly hydrothermal relithiation (HR), demonstrate strong potential for restoring electrochemical performance, scalability remains a critical barrier. The advantages and limitations of batch studies in defining thermodynamic boundaries are evaluated, and pathways toward continuous processing, compositional upcycling to emerging chemistries, and standardized impurity reporting are proposed. The success of this method further relies on effective cathode sorting, advanced data\u2010driven process controls, and the establishment of unified benchmarks to enable fair comparison across studies. Ultimately, aqueous relithiation lies at the intersection of scientific discovery and industrial application, where operational boundaries, logistical frameworks, and regulatory alignment will shape its transition into industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.75071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:10:42Z","timestamp":1790079042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct Recycling of Lithium\u2010Ion Batteries With Aqueous Relithiation: Mechanistic Insights and Recent Advances"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9022-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura C.","family":"Appleberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aiiso Yufeng Li Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San Diego  San Diego California 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