{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:56:39Z","timestamp":1790819799593,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22279100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22279100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    2,2,6,6\u2010Tetramethylpiperidine 1\u2010oxyl (TEMPO)\u2010based aqueous redox flow batteries are attractive for grid\u2010scale energy storage owing to their high redox potentials, fast kinetics, and high solubilities. However, their practical application is limited by progressive catholyte acidification, which accelerates disproportionation and ring\u2010opening degradation of TEMPO species, particularly at high concentrations. Herein, representative TEMPO derivatives are systematically investigated to elucidate the origin of acidification and its impact on cycling stability. Operando electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses reveal a common two\u2010stage acidification process that is largely independent of molecular substituents. The initial irreversible acidification originates from parasitic chloride oxidation and subsequent hydrolysis of reactive chlorine species, whereas the second stage arises from reversible proton release associated with nitroxyl radical\/\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010oxoammonium interconversion. More importantly, Hofmeister\u2010type anion regulation is identified as a dominant factor governing proton activity and catholyte stability. Guided by this mechanism, replacing chaotropic chloride anions with kosmotropic sulfate anions effectively suppresses acidification and substantially improves cycling durability. Consequently, the optimized 1.0\u00a0M catholyte delivers 97.6% capacity retention after 300 cycles (413\u00a0h), while several\u2010fold lifetime enhancements are achieved across structurally distinct TEMPO systems. This study establishes a Hofmeister\u2010regulated electrolyte engineering strategy for stable aqueous flow batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.75077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:04:51Z","timestamp":1790816691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hofmeister\u2010Type Anion Regulation Suppresses Electrochemical Acidification for Long\u2010Life TEMPO\u2010Based Aqueous Flow Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory For Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an 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