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However, their performance remains limited by uncontrolled crystallization and the facile oxidation of Sn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Here, we demonstrate a versatile buried\u2010interlayer strategy to effectively regulate the crystallization and suppress the Sn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    oxidation by constructing a two\u2010dimensional\/three\u2010dimensional (2D\/3D) heterodimensional structure. We reveal that strong interactions between the buried ligand layer, the perovskite precursor, and the underlying hole\u2010transport layer promote rapid nucleation, retard crystal growth, and induce a vertical dimensional gradient, leading to reduced defect density and enhanced radiative recombination. As a result, NIR Sn\u2010based perovskite LEDs achieve a record external quantum efficiency of 13.7% with a radiance of 103\u00a0W sr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Furthermore, the buried\u2010interlayer strategy enables dual\u2010functional Sn\u2010based perovskite devices capable of both efficient light emission and photodetection, which are successfully integrated into a compact heart\u2010pulse monitoring system. Our work suggests a synergistic crystallization and dimensional\u2010regulation strategy for achieving high\u2010performance Sn\u2010based perovskite optoelectronic devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.75130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:07:02Z","timestamp":1790161622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stepped\u2010Dimensional 2D\/3D Tin\u2010Based Perovskites for High\u2010Efficiency Light\u2010Emitting Diodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Quechen Silicon Chemical Co., Ltd  Wuxi 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