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Separators are a key component for electrical insulation and structural stability to ensure battery safety. Their inactive volume, ability to regulate solvated ions and transport efficiency also directly impact the energy density of batteries. This review elucidates the relationship between the thermal stability of linear\/cyclic polymers and thermal runaway onset, and discusses how organic\/inorganic materials enhance safety and energy density by tuning pore structure, thickness, wettability, and mechanical properties. The differences between monovalent (Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and multivalent (Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) ions are compared, and how the polar separator\u2012electrolyte interaction regulates ion solvation is revealed. Safety\u2010oriented separator strategies, including thermal runaway mitigation, dendrite suppression, ion flux homogenization, overcharge protection, and aging analysis, are evaluated. Recent advances in separators for high\u2010energy\u2010density batteries, such as ultrathin, lightweight, high\u2010voltage\u2010stability, electrochemically active, integrated separator\u2012electrolyte, are summarized. The challenges of balancing safety and energy density are highlighted, specifically porosity and mechanical strength, safety responses compromising energy density, lab\u2010to\u2010factory translation gap. Forward\u2010looking perspectives are outlined through advanced processing, intelligent design, and integration, paving the way for high\u2010energy\u2010density intrinsically safe batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.75131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:15:41Z","timestamp":1790252141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advanced Separators for High\u2010Safety and High\u2010Energy\u2010Density Rechargeable Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan 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