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Despite the presence of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), the inhibitory microenvironment\u2014marked by inflammation, glial scarring, and biochemical barriers\u2014prevents effective remyelination. Traditional pharmacological treatments are further hindered by the blood\u2010spinal cord barrier and rapid clearance of intrathecal injections. This review examines the evolution of controlled release systems engineered to modulate the oligodendroglial lineage. We analyze macro\u2010 and micro\u2010scale platforms, including scaffolds, which provide mechanical and topographical cues to direct the fate of OLs and OPCs. Furthermore, we discuss advanced nanoscale vectors, such as nanoparticles and exosomes, designed to deliver high\u2010value payloads\u2014including small molecules and therapeutic oligonucleotides\u2014directly to the lesion site while minimizing systemic toxicity. 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