{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:58:42Z","timestamp":1791543522080,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22202204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The severe polarization of aluminum (Al) anodes in alkaline electrolytes at low temperatures remains a critical barrier to the commercialization of aqueous Al batteries, yet the interfacial origin of this impedance surge is not fully understood. Herein, we employ in situ dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis to identify a characteristic inflection point in the behavior of a pure Al anode in 4\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    NaOH within the 5\u00b0C\u20130\u00b0C range. Below this threshold, a new relaxation process emerges at short time constants in the DRT spectrum, and its polarization contribution intensifies significantly with further cooling. We attribute this process to the low\u2010temperature\u2010induced formation of an interfacial highly disordered Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010rich layer, as confirmed by spectroscopic and computational analyses. We therefore propose an \u2018impedance induced by interfacial restructuring at low temperatures\u2019 model, wherein performance degradation arises primarily from interfacial structural and compositional evolution rather than from the conventionally assumed decrease in electrolyte conductivity. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for engineering low\u2010temperature\u2010adaptable Al anodes via interfacial design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.75290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:44:46Z","timestamp":1791542686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low\u2010Temperature\u2010Induced Interfacial Transformation of the Aluminum Anode in Alkaline Electrolyte"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University  Dalian China"},{"name":"Division of Fuel Cell &amp; Battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Fuel Cell &amp; Battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Fuel Cell &amp; Battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8233-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Fuel Cell &amp; Battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2025.101611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2516\u20101083\/acd101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010018\u20100291\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12040612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tramat.2025.100116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581\u2010025\u201006865\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.479046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-938X(00)00055-X","article-title":"The Behavior of Aluminum in Alkaline Media","volume":"42","author":"Emreg\u00fcl K. 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