{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:50:19Z","timestamp":1792047019650,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9950\u201022\u20101\u20100023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9950\u201022\u20101\u20100023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006754","name":"Army Research Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF\u201025\u20102\u20100084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF\u201025\u20102\u20100084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We have synthesized layered superconducting LiNbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    crystals through a bulk phase transformation from LiNbO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    single crystals via CaH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction. As the Nb valence is reduced from 5+ to 3+, the material undergoes a structural transformation to the resulting product, LiNbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which is accompanied by metallic behavior and a superconducting transition,\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    onset, as high as 14.4 K. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and x\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that the resulting phase is hole\u2010doped through de\u2010lithiation during the reduction. Magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements from a tunnel diode resonator confirm the bulk nature of superconductivity with a superconducting volume fraction of \u224877% and an upper critical field approaching 26 T. Our study demonstrates extreme hydride reduction as an effective method to induce phase transformations with non\u2010topochemical pathways and can be used to synthesize bulk materials with exotic properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.75377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:41:41Z","timestamp":1792046501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis of Bulk Superconducting LiNbO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Crystals Through CaH\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4435-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Paxson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Maryland Quantum Materials Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2952-4737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bicky S.","family":"Moirangthem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4570-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parham","family":"Kabirifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Microscopy (AIM) Lab Maryland Nanocenter University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saya","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0142-7252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3119-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keenan","family":"Avers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Quantum Materials Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal R.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8101-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amlan","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makariy A.","family":"Tanatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanta","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Quantum Materials Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Dura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Zavalij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnpierre","family":"Paglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Quantum Materials Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8088-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruslan","family":"Prozorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Grutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrain E.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Maryland Quantum Materials Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Maryland Quantum Materials Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0268\u20101242\/29\/6\/064010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/cl.130581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/JA910103D"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.INORGCHEM.2C02747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/JA302465C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.INORGCHEM.9B00960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qute.202400255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0005103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0056328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010022\u201001330\u20101"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11062","DOI":"10.1021\/ic101613b","article-title":"Sr3Co2O4.33H0.84: An Extended Transition Metal Oxide\u2010Hydride","volume":"49","author":"Helps R. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inorganic Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/IC300859N"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ANGE.201403536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1293\u20102558(03)00111\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm9906811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101496\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4961446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.12.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.CHEMMATER.5B02374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ANIE.201913951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0567739468001282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345324a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JALLCOM.2008.09.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025\u20105408(00)00380\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIADV.ABB8570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.104504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295\u20105075\/ad219c"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/PROC\u201060\u201095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.APSUSC.2016.07.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TSF.2016.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5108525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.147.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.064006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.10.014030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.64.180501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/JACS.8B12985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2021.100112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889813003531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1328362"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.75377","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.75377","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.75377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:41:43Z","timestamp":1792046503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.75377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.75377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.75377","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75377"}}