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However, low local drug concentration in the skin limits its treatment efficiency, while systemic exposure promotes the development of resistant bacterial strains. Topical administration of VAN on skin is ineffective as its high molecular weight prohibits transdermal penetration. In order to implement a local VAN delivery, microneedle (MN) arrays with a water\u2010insoluble support layer for the controlled administration of VAN into the skin are developed. The utilization of such a support layer results in water\u2010insoluble needle shafts surrounded by drug\u2010loaded water\u2010soluble tips with high drug encapsulation. The developed MN arrays can penetrate the dermal barriers of both porcine and fresh human skin. Permeation studies on porcine skin reveal that the majority of the delivered VAN is retained within the skin. It is shown that the VAN\u2010MN array reduces MRSA growth both in vitro and ex vivo on skin. The developed VAN\u2010MN arrays may be extended to several drugs and may facilitate localized treatment of MRSA\u2010caused skin infections while minimizing adverse systemic effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202001307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T15:37:32Z","timestamp":1620229052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Vancomycin\u2010Loaded Microneedle Arrays against Methicillin\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus Aureus<\/i>\n                    Skin Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jill","family":"Ziesmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Tumour and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm SE\u201017177 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poojabahen","family":"Tajpara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna Unit of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm SE\u201017177 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele\u2010Johanna","family":"Hempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen DK\u20102100 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Ehrstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm SE\u201017176 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keira","family":"Melican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES) Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm SE\u2010171 77 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm SE\u2010171 77 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Eidsmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna Unit of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm SE\u201017177 Sweden"},{"name":"Diagnostiskt Centrum Hud  Stockholm SE\u201011137 Sweden"},{"name":"Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Center University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen DK\u20102100 Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios A.","family":"Sotiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Tumour and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm SE\u201017177 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/846453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/cmi.cmi_22_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1071-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(09)70541-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"31","volume":"120","author":"Savoldi A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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