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Novel approaches are required to improve diagnosis and treatment. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have demonstrated potential as sensor probes and in combination therapy, which combines MNPs with antimycobacterial drugs to develop new treatment and theranostic approaches. To strengthen the theoretical foundation toward the clinical application of TB nanomedicine, this review focuses on the properties and effectiveness of therapeutically relevant MNPs. It also elaborates on their antimycobacterial mechanisms. This review aims to analyze the body of literature on the topic, pinpoint important empirical findings, and identify knowledge gaps that can provide a basis for future research endeavors and translation of the technologies. 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