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These methods also fall short when sorting for sperm free of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and epigenetic aberrations. Although several microfluidic platforms exist, they suffer from structural complexities, i.e., pumps or chemoattractants, setting insurmountable barriers to clinical adoption. Inspired by the natural filter\u2010like capabilities of the female reproductive tract for sperm selection, a model\u2010driven design, featuring pillar arrays that efficiently and noninvasively isolate highly motile and morphologically normal sperm, with lower epigenetic global methylation, from raw semen, is presented. The\n                    <jats:bold>S<\/jats:bold>\n                    imple\n                    <jats:bold>P<\/jats:bold>\n                    eriodic\n                    <jats:bold>AR<\/jats:bold>\n                    ray for\n                    <jats:bold>T<\/jats:bold>\n                    rapping\n                    <jats:bold>A<\/jats:bold>\n                    nd isolatio\n                    <jats:bold>N<\/jats:bold>\n                    (SPARTAN) created here modulates the directional persistence of sperm, increasing the spatial separation between progressive and nonprogressive motile sperm populations within an unprecedentedly short 10 min assay time. With over 99% motility of sorted sperm, a 5\u2010fold improvement in morphology, 3\u2010fold increase in nuclear maturity, and 2\u20134\u2010fold enhancement in DNA integrity, SPARTAN offers to standardize sperm selection while eliminating operator\u2010to\u2010operator variations, centrifugation, and flow. SPARTAN can also be applied in other areas, including conservation ecology, breeding of farm animals, and design of flagellar microrobots for diagnostics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T00:12:53Z","timestamp":1514333573000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Guidance and Self\u2010Sorting of Active Swimmers: 3D Periodic Arrays Increase Persistence Length of Human Sperm Selecting for the Fittest"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Thiruppathiraja","family":"Chinnasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University  Palo Alto CA 94304 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Kingsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Worcester Polytechnic Institute  Worcester MA 01609 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Inci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University  Palo Alto CA 94304 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Turek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Turek Clinic  San Francisco CA 94133 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell P.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of OBGYN University of California San Francisco School of Medicine  San Francisco CA 94158 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Behr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Stanford University  Stanford CA 94305 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkan","family":"T\u00fczel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Worcester Polytechnic Institute  Worcester MA 01609 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utkan","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University  Palo Alto CA 94304 USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy) Stanford University  Stanford CA 94305 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08503-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201300020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-1-108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61191-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12522-013-0168-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1140-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2013.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des261"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.125412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0682-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32834040a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Seminars in Reproductive Medicine","author":"Owen C. 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