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To prevent neuroma formation, capping techniques are implemented as effective treatments. However, an ideal, biocompatible material covering the nerves is an unmet clinical need. In this study, biocompatible characteristics presented by the poly(D,L\u2010lactic acid)\/arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD peptide) modification of poly{(lactic acid)\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010 [(glycolic acid)\u2010alt\u2010(L\u2010lysine)]} (PRGD\/PDLLA) are evaluated as a nerve conduit. After being capped on the rat sciatic nerve stump in vivo, rodent behaviors and tissue structures are compared via autotomy scoring and histological analyses. The PRGD\/PDLLA capped group gains lower autotomy score and improves the recovery, where inflammatory infiltrations and excessive collagen deposition are defeated. Transmission electron microscopy images of the regeneration of myelin sheath in both groups show that abnormal myelination is only present in the uncapped rats. Changes in related genes (MPZ, MBP, MAG, and Krox20) are monitored quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) for mechanism investigation. The PRGD\/PDLLA capping conduits not only act as physical barriers to inhibit the invasion of inflammatory infiltration in the scar tissue but also provide a suitable microenvironment for promoting nerve repairing and avoiding neuroma formation during nerve recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T03:31:18Z","timestamp":1522121478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Painful Terminal Neuroma Prevention by Capping PRGD\/PDLLA Conduit in Rat Sciatic Nerves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jiling","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"},{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia  35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University  Cambridge MA 02138 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongjiao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Killugudi","family":"Swaminatha Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia  35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0326-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixia","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Cambridge MA 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglian","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali K.","family":"Yetisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham  Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","first-page":"139","volume":"13","author":"Owings M. 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