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However, it remains quite challenging because conventional CT can only identify the difference in density instead of X\u2010ray attenuation characteristics. Spectral CT can generate monochromatic imaging to specify X\u2010ray attenuation characteristics of the scanned matter. Herein, an X\u2010ray energy\u2010dependent attenuation strategy originated from bismuth (Bi)\u2010based nanoprobes (BiF<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>@PDA@HA) is proposed for the accurate diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Bi element in BiF<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>@PDA@HA can exhibit characteristic attenuation depending on different levels of X\u2010ray energy via spectral CT, and that is challenging for conventional CT. In this study, selectively accumulating BiF<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>@PDA@HA nanoprobes in the hepatic fibrosis areas can significantly elevate CT value for 40 Hounsfield units on 70\u00a0keV monochromatic images, successfully differentiating from healthy livers and achieving the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the enhancement produced by the BiF<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>@PDA@HA nanoprobes in vivo increases as the monochromatic energy decreases from 70 to 40\u00a0keV, optimizing the conspicuity of the diseased areas. As a proof of concept, the strategically designed nanoprobes with energy\u2010dependent attenuation characteristics not only expand the scope of CT application, but also hold excellent potential for precise imaging\u2010based disease diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202002548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T08:31:24Z","timestamp":1615883484000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Harnessing X\u2010Ray Energy\u2010Dependent Attenuation of Bismuth\u2010Based Nanoprobes for Accurate Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shiman","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai 200040 P. R. 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