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It is of great significance to integrate multiple guidance cues in one platform of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to promote axonal elongation and functional recovery. Here, a multi\u2010functional NGC is constructed to promote nerve regeneration by combining ordered topological structure, density gradient of biomacromolecular nanoparticles, and controlled delivery of biological effectors to provide the topographical, haptotactic, and biological cues, respectively. On the surface of aligned polycaprolactone nanofibers, a density gradient of bioactive nanoparticles capable of delivering recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor is deposited. On the graded scaffold, the proliferation of Schwann cells is promoted, and the directional extension of neurites from both PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglions is improved in the direction of increasing particle density. After being implanted in vivo for 6 and 12 weeks to repair a 10\u2010mm rat sciatic nerve defect, the NGC promotes axonal elongation and remyelination, achieving the regeneration of the nerve not only in anatomical structure but also in functional recovery. Taken together, the NGC provides a favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration and holds great promise for realizing nerve repair with an efficacy close to autograft.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T21:02:11Z","timestamp":1670619731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Combining a Density Gradient of Biomacromolecular Nanoparticles with Biological Effectors in an Electrospun Fiber\u2010Based Nerve Guidance Conduit to Promote Peripheral Nerve Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Binghui","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials State Key Laboratory of Organic\u2013Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 P. R. 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