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These microgel building blocks can be designed with different mechanical or bio\u2010active parameters to facilitate cell infiltration and modulate host response. Previously, changing the chirality of the microgel crosslinking peptides from L\u2010 to D\u2010amino acids led to significant tissue regeneration and functional recovery in D\u2010MAPS\u2010treated cutaneous wounds. In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of D\u2010MAPS in a subcutaneous implantation model is investigated. How macrophages are the key antigen\u2010presenting cells to uptake and present these biomaterials to the adaptive immune system\u00a0is\u00a0uncovered. A robust linker\u2010specific IgG2b\/IgG1 response to D\u2010MAPS is detected as early as 14 days post\u2010implantation. The fine balance between pro\u2010regenerative and pro\u2010inflammatory macrophage phenotypes is observed in D\u2010MAPS as an indicator for regenerative scaffolds. The work offers valuable insights into the temporal cellular response to synthetic porous scaffolds and establishes a foundation for further optimization of immunomodulatory pro\u2010regenerative outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T04:59:05Z","timestamp":1676005145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Balance between Pro\u2010Inflammatory and Pro\u2010Reparative Macrophages is Observed in Regenerative D\u2010MAPS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0697-0396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yining","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708\u20100281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Suarez\u2010Arnedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708\u20100281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamitha","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708\u20100281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708\u20100281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Duke University  DUMC 3712 Durham NC 27710 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel H.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708\u20100281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1569-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708\u20100281 USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Neurology Dermatology Duke University  Bryan Research Building, Research Drive Durham NC 27710 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(84)90060-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-198804000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat7973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00844-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2007.0264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-011-0244-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0933-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006442107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00844-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31939","volume":"89","author":"Rodriguez A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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