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Recent studies have revealed that MNPs may cause atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To address this bottleneck,\n                    <jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice are exposed to 2.5\u2013250\u00a0mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    polystyrene nanoplastics (PS\u2010NPs, 50\u00a0nm) by oral gavage with a high\u2010fat diet for 19 weeks. It is found that PS\u2010NPs in blood and aorta of mouse exacerbate the artery stiffness and promote atherosclerotic plaque formation. PS\u2010NPs activate phagocytosis of M1\u2010macrophage in the aorta, manifesting as upregulation of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Moreover, PS\u2010NPs disrupt lipid metabolism and increase long\u2010chain acyl carnitines (LCACs). LCAC accumulation is attributed to the PS\u2010NP\u2010inhibited hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. PS\u2010NPs, as well as LCACs alone, aggravate lipid accumulation via upregulating MARCO in the oxidized low\u2010density lipoprotein\u2010activated foam cells. Finally, synergistic effects of PS\u2010NPs and LCACs on increasing total cholesterol in foam cells are found. Overall, this study indicates that LCACs aggravate PS\u2010NP\u2010induced atherosclerosis by upregulating MARCO. This study offers new insight into the mechanisms underlying MNP\u2010induced cardiovascular toxicity, and highlights the combined effects of MNPs with endogenous metabolites on the cardiovascular system, which warrant further study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T05:36:15Z","timestamp":1683264975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Long\u2010Chain Acyl Carnitines Aggravate Polystyrene Nanoplastics\u2010Induced Atherosclerosis by Upregulating MARCO"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research School of Public Health Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 510515 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