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However, the understanding of the role of androgen in PCa\u2010infiltrated immune cells and the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the first\u2010line treatment for advanced PCa, on the PCa immune microenvironment remains limited. On the other hand, immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the treatment of certain cancer types, but fails to achieve any benefit in advanced PCa, due to an immune suppressive environment. In this study, it is reported that AR signaling pathway is evidently activated in tumor\u2010associated macrophages (TAMs) of PCa both in mice and humans. AR acts as a transcriptional repressor for <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> in TAMs. ADT releases the restraint of AR on <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> and therefore leads to an excessive expression and secretion of IL\u20101\u03b2 in TAMs. IL\u20101\u03b2 induces myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulation that inhibits the activation of cytotoxic T cells, leading to the immune suppressive microenvironment. Critically, anti\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2 antibody coupled with ADT and the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti\u2010PD\u20101 antibody exerts a stronger anticancer effect on PCa following castration. Together, IL\u20101\u03b2 is an important androgen\u2010responsive immunotherapeutic target for advanced PCa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T06:30:12Z","timestamp":1682317812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["IL\u20101\u03b2 Is an Androgen\u2010Responsive Target in Macrophages for Immunotherapy of Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Deng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji\u2010Med\u2010X Stem Cell Research Center Shanghai Cancer Institute &amp; Department of Urology Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200127 P. R. 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