{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:04:18Z","timestamp":1791281058094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008047","name":"Carnegie Mellon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP2 3DP2EB028111\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2 3DP2EB028111\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3DP2EB028111\u201001S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3DP2EB028111\u201001S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE026600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE026600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001083","name":"DSF Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014147","name":"Charles E. Kaufman Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Super\u2010resolution optical imaging tools are crucial in microbiology to understand the complex structures and behavior of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, the capabilities of these tools, particularly when it comes to imaging pathogens and infected tissues, remain limited. MicroMagnify (\u00b5Magnify) is developed, a nanoscale multiplexed imaging method for pathogens and infected tissues that are derived from an expansion microscopy technique with a universal biomolecular anchor. The combination of heat denaturation and enzyme cocktails essential is found for robust cell wall digestion and expansion of microbial cells and infected tissues without distortion. \u00b5Magnify efficiently retains biomolecules suitable for high\u2010plex fluorescence imaging with nanoscale precision. It demonstrates up to eightfold expansion with \u00b5Magnify on a broad range of pathogen\u2010containing specimens, including bacterial and fungal biofilms, infected culture cells, fungus\u2010infected mouse tone, and formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded human cornea infected by various pathogens. Additionally, an associated virtual reality tool is developed to facilitate the visualization and navigation of complex 3D images generated by this method in an immersive environment allowing collaborative exploration among researchers worldwide. \u00b5Magnify is a valuable imaging platform for studying how microbes interact with their host systems and enables the development of new diagnosis strategies against infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T00:23:29Z","timestamp":1693614209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["MicroMagnify: A Multiplexed Expansion Microscopy Method for Pathogens and Infected Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangyu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason  1201 9th Ave Seattle WA 98101 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Skillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immersive Science LLC  6835 113TH PL SE Newcastle WA 98056 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Klimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aramchan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma F.","family":"DiBernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Mueller","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Milman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wills Eye Hospital and Jefferson University Hospital  Philadelphia PA 19107 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan R.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lagree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhanu P.","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viron Molecular Medicine Institute  201 Washington Street Boston MA 02201 USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Wayne State University  42 W Warren Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA"},{"name":"NanoBioScience Institute Wayne State University  42 W Warren Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine &amp; Genetics School of Medicine Wayne State University  42 W Warren Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose S.","family":"Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wills Eye Hospital and Jefferson University Hospital  Philadelphia PA 19107 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott G.","family":"Filler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center  1124 W Carson St Torrance CA 90502 USA"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  10833 Le Conte Ave Los Angeles CA 90095 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Georgia  210 S Jackson street Athens GA 30602 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Luisa","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Lacy\u2010Hulbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason  1201 9th Ave Seattle WA 98101 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University  4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201845836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22297-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.644750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume":"2022","author":"Korovesi A. G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micropubl. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19897-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01546-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805309105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2005.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907866106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2018.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-1-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101913010100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Seo J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0207-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b00776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b07200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume":"709","author":"Zaizen Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43943-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1049-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24910-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpcb.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c04374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.040"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202302249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T23:13:16Z","timestamp":1759792396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.202302249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.202302249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202302249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2302249"}}