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With the emerging role of GM in bone metabolism, a potential neuroendocrine signal neuropeptide Y (NPY) mediated brain\u2010gut\u2010bone axis has come to light. Herein, it is reported that exogenous overexpression of NPY reduced bone formation, damaged bone microstructure, and up\u2010regulated the expressions of pyroptosis\u2010related proteins in subchondral cancellous bone in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, but Y1 receptor antagonist (Y1Ra) reversed these changes. In addition, it is found that exogenous overexpression of NPY aggravated colonic inflammation, impaired intestinal barrier integrity, enhanced intestinal permeability, and increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in OVX rats, and Y1Ra also reversed these changes. Most importantly, NPY and Y1Ra modulated the microbial diversity and changed the community composition of GM in OVX rats, and thereby affecting the metabolites of GM (e.g., LPS) entering the blood circulation. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation further testified the effect of NPY\u2010mediated GM changes on bone. In vitro, LPS induced pyroptosis, reduced viability, and inhibited differentiation of osteoblasts. The study demonstrated the existence of NPY\u2010mediated brain\u2010gut\u2010bone axis and it might be a novel emerging target to treat PMO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T21:59:15Z","timestamp":1697752755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Neuropeptide Y\u2010Mediated Gut Microbiota Alterations Aggravate Postmenopausal Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-1892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200127 Shanghai P. R. 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