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While the adhesive performance achieved in some examples has surpassed living counterparts, the durability of the fabricated surfaces is limited and the capability to self\u2010renew and restore function\u2014inherent to biological systems\u2014is unimaginable. Here the morphogenesis of gecko setae using skin samples from the Bibron<jats:styled-content>\u00b4s<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0gecko (<jats:italic>Chondrodactylus bibronii<\/jats:italic>) is studied. Gecko setae develop as specialized apical differentiation structures at a distinct cell\u2013cell layer interface within the skin epidermis. A primary role for F\u2010actin and microtubules as templating structural elements is necessary for the development of setae's hierarchical morphology, and a stabilization role of keratins and corneus beta proteins is identified.\u00a0Setae grow from\u00a0single cells in a bottom layer protruding into four neighboring cells in the upper layer. The resulting multicellular junction can play a role during shedding by facilitating fracture of the cell\u2013cell interface and release of the high aspect ratio setae. The results contribute to the understanding of setae regeneration and may inspire future concepts to bioengineer self\u2010renewable patterned adhesive surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T06:50:06Z","timestamp":1703487006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Actin\u2010templated Structures: Nature's Way to Hierarchical Surface Patterns (Gecko's Setae as Case Study)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Kasper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INM\u2010Leibniz Institute for New Materials  Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbruecken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7847-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Laschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery Saarland University  66421 Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INM\u2010Leibniz Institute for New Materials  Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbruecken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Alibardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Anatomy Department of Biology University of Bologna &amp; 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