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Given that, the narrow structure of root canal limits the therapeutic effects of passive diffusion\u2010drugs, considerable attention has been drawn to the development of nanomotors, which have high tissue penetration abilities but generally face the problem of insufficient fuel concentration. To address this drawback, dual\u2010fuel propelled nanomotors (DPNMs) by encapsulating L\u2010arginine (L\u2010Arg), calcium peroxide (CaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in metal\u2010organic framework is developed. Under pathological environment, L\u2010Arg could release nitric oxide (NO) by reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to provide the driving force for movement. Remarkably, the depleted ROS could be supplemented through the reaction between CaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with acids abundant in the inflammatory microenvironment. Owing to high diffusivity, NO achieves further tissue penetration based on the first\u2010stage propulsion of nanomotors, thereby removing deep\u2010seated bacterial infection. Results indicate that the nanomotors effectively eliminate bacterial infection based on antibacterial activity of NO, thereby blocking inflammatory response and oxidative damage, forming reparative dentine layer to avoid further exposure and infection. Thus, this work provides a propagable strategy to overcome fuel shortage and facilitates the therapy of deep lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T22:33:17Z","timestamp":1701642797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dual\u2010Fuel Propelled Nanomotors with Two\u2010Stage Permeation for Deep Bacterial Infection in the Treatment of Pulpitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Heping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University  Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. 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