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Nonetheless, whether IL\u201035 participates in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. The current study investigates whether IL\u201035 modulates megakaryopoiesis. The results show that IL\u201035 receptors are progressively expressed on bone marrow megakaryocytes during the in vitro differentiation of CD34+ progenitors. IL\u201035 increases the number of megakaryocyte colony\u2010forming units through the Akt pathway. The level of bone marrow IL\u201035 is reduced in ITP patients, and the decreased level of IL\u201035 may inhibit megakaryopoiesis. Then, the potential causes of decreased IL\u201035 in ITP patients are explored. The primary type of cell that secretes IL\u201035, known as IL\u201035\u2010producing regulatory T cells (iTr35), is reduced in ITP patients. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from ITP patients exhibit an impaired capability of inducing iTr35 due to enhanced apoptosis, which may contribute to the reduced level of bone marrow IL\u201035 in ITP patients. Iguratimod promotes megakaryocyte development and differentiation by elevating the expression of IL\u201035 receptors on megakaryocytes. Iguratimod improves response rates and reduces bleeding symptoms in corticosteroid\u2010resistant ITP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:16:37Z","timestamp":1705364197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decreased Expression of IL\u201035 and Its Receptor Contributes to Impaired Megakaryopoiesis in the Pathogenesis of Immune Thrombocytopenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"Peking University Institute of Hematology  Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease  Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of 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