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It faces a significant global therapeutical challenge, given its features of poor axon regeneration, progressive local inflammation, and inefficient systemic drug delivery due to the blood\u2013spinal cord barrier (BSCB). To address these challenges, a new nano complex that achieves targeted drug delivery to the damaged spinal cord is proposed, which contains a mesoporous silica nanoparticle core loaded with microRNA and a cloaking layer of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell membrane modified with rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG). The nano complex more readily crosses the damaged BSCB with its exosome\u2010resembling properties, including appropriate size and a low\u2010immunogenic cell membrane disguise and accumulates in the injury center because of RVG, where it releases abundant microRNAs to elicit axon sprouting and rehabilitate the inflammatory microenvironment. Culturing with nano complexes promotes axonal growth in neurons and M2 polarization in microglia. Furthermore, it showed that SCI mice treated with this nano complex by tail vein injection display significant improvement in axon regrowth, microenvironment regulation, and functional restoration. The efficacy and biocompatibility of the targeted delivery of microRNA by nano complexes demonstrate their immense potential as a noninvasive treatment for SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T03:40:18Z","timestamp":1710992418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Targeted Repair of Spinal Cord Injury Based on miRNA\u2010124\u20103p\u2013Loaded Mesoporous Silica Camouflaged by Stem Cell Membrane Modified with Rabies Virus Glycoprotein"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiangchuang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University  Jinan 250012 P. R. 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