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While the sign of SOT can be manipulated through material and structural engineering, it is conventionally understood that STT lacks a degree of freedom in its sign. However, this study presents the first demonstration of manipulating the STT sign by engineering heavy metals adjacent to magnetic materials in magnetic heterostructures. Spin torques are quantified through magnetic domain\u2010wall speed measurements, and subsequently, both STT and SOT are systematically extracted from these measurements. The results unequivocally show that the sign of STT can be either positive or negative, depending on the materials adjacent to the magnetic layers. Specifically, Pd\/Co\/Pd films exhibit positive STT, while Pt\/Co\/Pt films manifest negative STT. First\u2010principle calculations further confirm that the sign reversal of STT originates from the sign reversal of spin polarization of conduction electrons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T15:55:26Z","timestamp":1713282926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sign Reversal of Spin\u2010Transfer Torques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5940-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae\u2010Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Spintronics Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)  Suwon 16678 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qurat ul","family":"Ain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Ulsan  Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Materials Science Lab, Department of Physics Quaid\u2010I\u2010Azam University  Islamabad 45320 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yune\u2010Seok","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Sung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong\u2010Hyub","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Young","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kitae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo\u2010Young","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Republic of 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