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Using a PCOS\u2010like mouse model, it is demonstrated that hyperandrogenism affects immune cell populations in reproductive, metabolic, and immunological tissues differently in a site\u2010specific manner. Co\u2010treatment with an androgen receptor antagonist prevents most of these alterations, demonstrating that these effects are mediated through androgen receptor activation. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)\u2010exposed mice displayed a drastically reduced eosinophil population in the uterus and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). A higher frequency of natural killer (NK) cells and elevated levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 are seen in uteri of androgen\u2010exposed mice, while NK cells in VAT and spleen displayed a higher expression level of CD69, a marker of activation or tissue residency. Distinct alterations of macrophages in the uterus, ovaries, and VAT are also found in DHT\u2010exposed mice and can potentially be linked to PCOS\u2010like traits of the model. Indeed, androgen\u2010exposed mice are insulin\u2010resistant, albeit unaltered fat mass. Collectively, it is demonstrated that hyperandrogenism causes tissue\u2010specific alterations of immune cells in reproductive organs and VAT, which can have considerable implications on tissue function and contribute to the reduced fertility and metabolic comorbidities associated with PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T05:54:11Z","timestamp":1716184451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Androgens Modulate the Immune Profile in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4389-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Torstensson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm 171 77 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