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Delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a challenge due to the presence of multiple physiological and anatomical barriers. Conventional drug delivery methods often prove ineffective and may cause side effects. Nanomaterials, characterized by their small size, large surface area, tunable properties, and biocompatibility, enhance the permeability, stability, and targeting of drugs. Ocular nanomaterials encompass a wide range, including lipid nanomaterials, polymer nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dot nanomaterials, and so on. These innovative materials, often combined with hydrogels and exosomes, are engineered to address multiple mechanisms, including macrophage polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared to conventional modalities, nanomedicines achieve regulated and sustained delivery, reduced administration frequency, prolonged drug action, and minimized side effects. This study delves into the obstacles encountered in drug delivery to the posterior segment and highlights the progress facilitated by nanomedicine. Prospectively, these findings pave the way for next\u2010generation ocular drug delivery systems and deeper clinical research, aiming to refine treatments, alleviate the burden on patients, and ultimately improve visual health globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T15:08:58Z","timestamp":1718982538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Innovative Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems for Advanced Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye &amp; ENT Hospital, Fudan University; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shanghai 200031 China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry Shanghai 200031 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye &amp; 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