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However, current animal models have not been successful in replicating the pathology and disabilities seen in SAH patients, especially the long\u2010term neurocognitive deficits that affect the survivor's quality of life. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop experimental models that reliably replicate the long\u2010term clinical ramifications of SAH \u2013 especially in mice where genetic manipulations are straightforward and readily available. To address this need, a standardized mouse SAH model is developed that reproducibly produced significant and trackable long\u2010term cognitive deficits. SAH is induced by performing double blood injections into the prechiasmatic cistern \u2013 a simple modification to the well\u2010characterized single prechiasmatic injection mouse model of SAH. Following SAH, mice recapitulated key characteristics of SAH patients, including cerebral edema measured by MRI \u2010 an indicator of early brain injury (EBI), neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and long\u2010term cognitive impairment.\u00a0This newly developed SAH mouse model is considered an ideal paradigm for investigating the complex SAH pathophysiology and identifying novel druggable therapeutic targets for treating SAH severity and SAH\u2010associated long\u2010term neurocognitive deficits in patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:58Z","timestamp":1729728058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long\u2010Term Cognitive Deficits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepti","family":"Diwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jogender","family":"Mehla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Quirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Kwei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Meron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminah","family":"Mostofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Zipfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30668-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318195865a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X382412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164102101200276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688691003746274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20940152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume":"2020","author":"Pedard M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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