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However, the advancement of Na metal batteries is impeded due to key challenges such as dendrite growth, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) fracture, and low Coulombic efficiency. This study examines the coupled electro\u2010chemo\u2010mechanical interactions governing the electrodeposition stability and morphological evolution at the Na\/electrolyte interface. The SEI heterogeneities influence transport and reaction kinetics leading to the formation of current and stress hotspots during Na plating. Further, it is demonstrated that the heterogeneity\u2010induced Na metal evolution and its influence on the stress distribution critically affect the mechanical overpotential, contributing to a faster SEI failure. The analysis reveals three distinct failure mechanisms\u2014mechanical, transport, and kinetic\u2014that govern the onset of instabilities at the interface. Finally, a comprehensive comparative study of SEI failure in Na and lithium (Li) metal anodes illustrates that the electrochemical and mechanical characteristics of the SEI are crucial in tailoring the anode morphology and interface stability. This work delineates mechanistic stability regimes cognizant of the SEI attributes and underlying failure modes and offers important guidelines for the design of artificial SEI layers for stable Na metal electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T04:39:28Z","timestamp":1722314368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Heterogeneous Solid Electrolyte Interphase Interactions Dictate Interface Instability in Sodium Metal Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Singla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaustubh G.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering 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