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However, current TET falls short in fully restoring physiological function due to the lack of the intricate multi\u2010tissue structure found in natural trachea. In this research, a multi\u2010tissue integrated tissue\u2010engineered trachea (MI\u2010TET) is successfully developed by orderly assembling various cells (chondrocytes, fibroblasts and epithelial cells) on 3D\u2010printed PGS bioelastomer scaffolds. The MI\u2010TET closely resembles the complex structures of natural trachea and achieves the integrated regeneration of four essential tracheal components: C\u2010shaped cartilage ring, O\u2010shaped vascularized fiber ring, axial fiber bundle, and airway epithelium. Overall, the MI\u2010TET demonstrates highly similar multi\u2010tissue structures and physiological functions to natural trachea, showing promise for future clinical advancements in functional TETs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T13:24:44Z","timestamp":1724073884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multi\u2010Tissue Integrated Tissue\u2010Engineered Trachea Regeneration Based on 3D Printed Bioelastomer Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2845-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingqi","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Cardiology Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 200011 P. 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