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Little attention has been paid to whether tumor cells themselves can undergo fibrotic transformation and whether they can inhibit parenchymal cells similar to pulmonary fibrosis, thus achieving the goal of inhibiting the malignant progression of tumors. To explore the significance of inducing tumor fibrosis for cancer treatment. This study utilizes mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) loaded with Trehalose dimycolate (TDM) to induce tumor cell fibrosis through the dual effects of TDM\u2010induced inflammatory granuloma and MSN\u2010induced foreign body granuloma. The results show that TDM\/MSN (TM) can effectively induce tumor fibrosis, manifested specifically by collagen internalization, and suppression of proliferation and invasion capabilities, suggesting the potential role of tumor fibrosis therapy. However, further investigation reveals that extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) mediates resistance to fibrosis induction. To comprehensively enhance the efficacy, WRN exonuclease is conjugated to TM to form new nanoparticles (TMW) capable of effectively eliminating ecDNA, globally promoting tumor cell fibroblast\u2010like transformation, and validated in a PDX model to inhibit cancer progression. Therefore, TMW, through inducing tumor cell fibrosis to inhibit its malignant progression, holds great potential as a clinical treatment strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202407026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T06:13:51Z","timestamp":1724912031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["WRN Nuclease\u2010Mediated EcDNA Clearance Enhances Antitumor Therapy in Conjunction with Trehalose Dimycolate\/Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yinan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy Nankai University  Tianjin 300350 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology 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