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However, the precise origins and the molecular alterations of these infiltrating cells post\u2010stroke remain poorly characterized. Here, a murine model of stroke (permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion [p\u2010MCAO]) is utilized to profile single\u2010cell transcriptomes of immune cells in the brain and their potential origins, including the calvarial bone marrow (CBM), femur bone marrow (FBM), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This analysis reveals transcriptomically distinct populations of cerebral myeloid cells and brain\u2010resident immune cells after stroke. These include a novel CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neutrophil subpopulation that transcriptomically resembles CBM neutrophils. Moreover, the sequential activation of transcription factor regulatory networks in neutrophils during stroke progression is delineated, many of which are unique to the CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    population and underlie their acquisition of chemotaxis and granule release capacities. Two distinct origins of post\u2010stroke disease\u2010related immune cell subtypes are also identified: disease inflammatory macrophages, likely deriving from circulating monocytes in the skull, and transcriptionally immature disease\u2010associated microglia, possibly arising from pre\u2010existing homeostatic microglia. Together, a comprehensive molecular survey of post\u2010stroke immune responses is performed, encompassing both local and distant bone marrow sites and peripheral blood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T03:34:41Z","timestamp":1739244881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Transcriptomes of Immune Cells from Multiple Compartments Redefine the Ontology of Myeloid Subtypes Post\u2010Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing 100070 China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Clinical Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing 100069 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