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To address this, an\u00a0integrated strategy is implemented that combines classical B\u2010cell epitope prediction with protein\u2010antibody cluster docking and antibody titer analysis from 30 vaccinated and convalescent individuals. This approach yields stable immunodominant and immunoprevalent B\u2010cell epitopes capable of eliciting robust antibody responses in BALB\/c mice and effectively neutralizing pseudoviruses expressing the Spike protein of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. To achieve a broader T\u2010cell\u2010based immune response,\u00a0promiscuous T\u2010cell epitopes are identified by integrating classical T\u2010cell epitope predictions, differential scanning fluorimetry, and peptide\u2010MHC structural analysis. Unique peptides with conserved MHC\u2010anchoring residues are identified, enabling binding to a spectrum of MHC\u2010I and MHC\u2010II haplotypes. These peptides\u00a0elicit strong interferon gamma responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and demonstrate cross\u2010species efficacy by activating both CD4+ and CD8+ T\u2010cells in BALB\/c mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the significance of innovative vaccine strategies targeting immunodominant\/immunoprevalent B\u2010cell and promiscuous T\u2010cell epitopes to drive broad and robust humoral and cellular immune responses against a wide range of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202409919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T09:32:14Z","timestamp":1741685534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pan\u2010Variant SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Vaccines Induce Protective Immunity by Targeting Conserved Epitopes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Masaud","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Ajou University School of Medicine  Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Ajou Translational Omics Center (ATOC) Research Institute for Innovative Medicine 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