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However, the increased tumor hypoxia and acidification will lead to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) featuring exhausted T cells, limiting the effectiveness of subsequent therapies following TACE. Herein, a stable water\u2010in\u2010oil lipiodol Pickering emulsion by employing calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) as stabilizers is developed and used to encapsulate L\u2010arginine (L\u2010Arg), which is known for its ability to modulate T\u2010cell metabolism. The obtained L\u2010Arg\u2010loaded CaP\u2010stabilized lipiodol Pickering emulsion (L\u2010Arg@CaPL) with great emulsion stability can not only neutralize the tumor acidity via reaction of CaP NPs with protons but also enable the release of L\u2010Arg, thereby synergistically promoting the reinvigoration of exhausted CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and effectively reversing tumor immunosuppression. As a result, TACE therapy with L\u2010Arg@CaPL shows greatly improved therapeutic responses as demonstrated in an orthotopic liver tumor model in rats. This study highlights an effective yet simple nanoparticle\u2010stabilized Pickering emulsion strategy to promote TACE therapy via modulation of the immunosuppressive TME, presenting great potential for clinical translation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202410484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T08:46:22Z","timestamp":1734338782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Arginine\u2010Loaded Nano\u2010Calcium\u2010Phosphate\u2010Stabilized Lipiodol Pickering Emulsions Potentiates Transarterial Embolization\u2010Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Duo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging &amp; Interventional Radiology (Southeast University) Department of Radiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School Southeast University  87 Dingjiaqiao Road Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"National Innovation Platform for Integration of Medical Engineering Education (NMEE) (Southeast University)  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging &amp; Interventional Radiology (Southeast University) Department of Radiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School Southeast University  87 Dingjiaqiao Road Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"National Innovation Platform for Integration of Medical Engineering Education (NMEE) (Southeast University)  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin\u2010Zhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging &amp; Interventional Radiology (Southeast University) Department of Radiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School Southeast University  87 Dingjiaqiao Road Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"National Innovation Platform for Integration of Medical Engineering Education (NMEE) (Southeast University)  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging &amp; Interventional Radiology (Southeast University) Department of Radiology Zhongda Hospital Medical School Southeast University  87 Dingjiaqiao Road Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"National Innovation Platform for Integration of Medical Engineering Education (NMEE) (Southeast University)  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging &amp; 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