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Nevertheless, continuous wireless monitoring within the oral cavity is challenging due to limitations in sampling and device size. In this study, by embedding high\u2010performance piezoelectric sensors into the occlusal surfaces using flexible printed circuits, a fully integrated, flexible, and self\u2010contained transparent aligner is developed. This aligner exhibits excellent sensitivity for occlusal force detection, with a broad detection threshold and continuous pressure monitoring ability at eight distinct sites. Integrated with machine learning algorithm, this fully integrated aligner can also identify and track adverse oral habits that can cause\/exacerbate malocclusion, such as lip biting, thumb sucking, and teeth grinding. This system achieved 95% accuracy in determining malocclusion types by analyzing occlusal data from over 1400 malocclusion models. This fully\u2010integrated sensing system, with wireless monitoring and machine learning processing, marks a significant advancement in the development of intraoral wearable sensors. Moreover, it can also facilitate remote orthodontic monitoring and evaluation, offering a new avenue for effective orthodontic care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202411187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:36:56Z","timestamp":1731991016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Fully Integrated Orthodontic Aligner With Force Sensing Ability for Machine Learning\u2010Assisted Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 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