{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:00:29Z","timestamp":1781276429565,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A6A1A03038785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03038785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002643","name":"Kwangwoon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Variants of concern (VOCs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) exhibit high infectivity due to mutations, particularly in the spike protein, that facilitate enhanced binding of virus to human angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The D614G mutation, situated in S1\u2010domain, promotes the open conformation of spike protein, augmenting its interaction with hACE2. Activated water neutralizes pathogens by damaging biological molecules; however, its effect on mutated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 or VOCs requires further exploration. Here, the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2010plasma activated water (PAW) in inhibiting infections by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pseudovirus expressing D614G\u2010mutated spike protein is investigated, which serves as a model for mutated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Results demonstrated high prevalence of D614G mutation in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and its VOCs. NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010PAW is non\u2010toxic to cells at high concentration, inhibiting infection by 71%. Moreover, NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010PAW induced structural changes in S1\u2010domain of spike protein, reducing its binding affinity and lowering clathrin\u2010mediated endocytosis\u2010related gene expression. Additionally, in silico analysis revealed NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    species in NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010PAW played key role in impairing S1\u2010domain function of the mutated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pseudovirus by interacting directly with it. Collectively, these findings reveal the potent inactivation ability of PAW against mutated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and suggest its potential application in combating emerging variants of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and other viral threats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202411515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T07:21:02Z","timestamp":1731482462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Inactivation of Pseudovirus Expressing the D614G Spike Protein Mutation using Nitric Oxide\u2010Plasma Activated Water"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paritosh","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Plasma Bioscience Research Center Kwangwoon University  Seoul 01897 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology College of Engineering The University of Suwon  Hwaseong 18323 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tirtha Raj","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Plasma Bioscience Research Center Kwangwoon University  Seoul 01897 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudakshya S.","family":"Lenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology KIIT University  Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soujanya","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology KIIT University  Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh K.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology KIIT University  Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ha","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Plasma Bioscience Research Center Kwangwoon University  Seoul 01897 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagendra Kumar","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Plasma Bioscience Research Center Kwangwoon University  Seoul 01897 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","unstructured":"COVID \u2013 Coronavirus Statistics \u2013 Worldometer https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/ (accessed: February 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3002.230835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb8097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume":"295","author":"Bhatt A. 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