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In this study, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)\u2010induced animal model is used to investigate the effects of TLB on UC. It is found TLB significantly alleviates DSS\u2010induced UC in mice, as evidenced by a reduction in the disease activity index, an increase in colon length, improvement in histopathological lesions. Furthermore, TLB treatment results in a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines. TLB mitigates UC by modulating the intestinal microbiota, particularly <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>, which enhances tryptophan metabolism and upregulates the production of xanthurenic acid (XANA). To confirm the role of TLB\u2010induced microbiota changes, experiments are performed with pseudogerm\u2010free mice and fecal transplantation. It is also identified XANA as a key metabolite that mediates TLB's protective effects. Both TLB and XANA markedly activate the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Administration of an AhR antagonist abrogates their protective effects, thereby confirming the involvement of AhR in the underlying mechanism. In conclusion, the study reveals a novel mechanism through which TLB alleviates UC by correcting microbiota imbalances, regulating tryptophan metabolism, enhancing XANA production, and activating AhR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202412234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T12:54:29Z","timestamp":1737464069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Gut Microbiota\u2010Xanthurenic Acid\u2010Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor Axis Mediates the Anticolitic Effects of Trilobatin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2973-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacology Key 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