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Here, we investigated the role of inulin, a gut microbiota regulator, in the alleviation of PCOS. Our findings showed that inulin treatment significantly improved hyperandrogenism and glucolipid metabolism in both PCOS cohort and mice. Consistent with the cohort, inulin increased the abundance of microbial co\u2010abundance group (CAG) 12 in PCOS mice, including\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and other short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs)\u2010producers. We further verified the enhancement of SCFAs biosynthesis capacity and fecal SCFAs content by inulin. Moreover, inulin decreased lipopolysaccharide\u2010binding protein (LBP) and ameliorated ovarian inflammation in PCOS mice, whereas intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration reversed the protective effects of inulin. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from inulin\u2010treated patients with PCOS enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved lipid accumulation and thermogenesis, reduced hyperandrogenism and ovarian inflammatory response in antibiotic\u2010treated mice. Collectively, these findings revealed that gut microbiota mediates the beneficial effects of inulin on metabolic disorder and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Therefore, modulating gut microbiota represents a promising therapeutic strategy for PCOS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202412558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T09:37:23Z","timestamp":1744018643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Gut Microbiota Modulation by Inulin Improves Metabolism and Ovarian Function in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lulu","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Assisted Reproduction Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Shanghai Institute of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai 200092 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Infant Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai 200092 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine School of Medicine Yale University  New Haven CT 06520 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruirui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai 201203 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai 201203 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