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A central component of this process is gut\u2010derived metabolites, which play a crucial role in mediating the distal functioning of the microbiota. In this study, a comprehensive microbiome\u2010metabolite analysis using fecal and serum samples from patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and volunteers with risk factors for coronary heart disease and culture histology is performed, and identified the core strain\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides ovatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>B. ovatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments further demonstrated that the gut microbiota significantly influences AS progression, with\n                    <jats:italic>B. ovatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    alone exerting effects comparable to volunteer feces from volunteers. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>B. ovatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleviated AS primarily by restoring the intestinal barrier and enhancing bile acid metabolism, particularly through the production of indole\u20103\u2010acetic acid (IAA), a tryptophan\u2010derived metabolite. IAA inhibited the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway in M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophage polarisation, and restored the M1\/M2 polarisation balance, ultimately reducing aortic inflammation. These findings clarify the mechanistic interplay between the gut microbiota and AS, providing the first evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>B. ovatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a second\u2010generation probiotic, can improve bile acid metabolism and reduce inflammation, offering a theoretical foundation for future AS therapeutic applications involving this strain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202413010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T06:02:20Z","timestamp":1737525740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The Metabolite Indole\u20103\u2010Acetic Acid of\n                    <i>Bacteroides Ovatus<\/i>\n                    Improves Atherosclerosis by Restoring the Polarisation Balance of M1\/M2 Macrophages and Inhibiting Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congcong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanqi","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingtao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Translational Medicine Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330036 China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Drugs School of Pharmacy Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330036 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8563-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhua","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University  Nanchang 330008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1936379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.101699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-017-0959-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"2563","volume":"117","author":"Fredman G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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