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Its susceptibility to antibiotic\u2010resistant infections often leads to chronic inflammation, complicating treatment with conventional methods. Here, 18NC75\u201010P\u20101IL is reported, which is a multi\u2010functional shear\u2010thinning hydrogel comprised of gelatin and nanosilicates for injectability, an ionic liquid for bactericidal effects, and platelet rich fibrin fraction for pro\u2010healing properties; this biomaterial is engineered for the treatment of ECFs. Through rigorous testing, the mechanical properties of 18NC75\u201010P\u20101IL were tailored for catheter injection to achieve durable occlusion of fistulous tracts under external pressures simulating clinical scenarios. 18NC75\u201010P\u20101IL demonstrated pro\u2010healing effects and anti\u2010microbial activity against highly resistant patient\u2010derived bacteria known to be associated with ECF. Subcutaneous implantation and anorectal fistula models confirmed its biocompatibility, pro\u2010healing, anti\u2010inflammatory, and anti\u2010microbial properties compared to control materials, suggesting promising potential for clinical translation in the treatment of human ECFs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T08:56:06Z","timestamp":1739523366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Catheter Injectable Multifunctional Biomaterial for the Treatment of Infected Enterocutaneous Fistulas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jinjoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Patient\u2010Inspired Engineering Mayo Clinic  13400 East Shea Blvd. Scottsdale AZ 85259 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zefu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Patient\u2010Inspired Engineering Mayo Clinic  13400 East Shea Blvd. Scottsdale AZ 85259 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Albadawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Patient\u2010Inspired Engineering Mayo Clinic  13400 East Shea Blvd. Scottsdale AZ 85259 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeongseop","family":"Keum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Patient\u2010Inspired Engineering Mayo Clinic  13400 East Shea Blvd. Scottsdale AZ 85259 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Patient\u2010Inspired Engineering Mayo Clinic  13400 East Shea Blvd. Scottsdale AZ 85259 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin H.","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  5777 E Mayo Blvd Phoenix AZ 85054 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4984-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmi","family":"Oklu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Patient\u2010Inspired Engineering Mayo Clinic  13400 East Shea Blvd. Scottsdale AZ 85259 USA"},{"name":"Division of Vascular &amp; Interventional Radiology Mayo Clinic  5777 E Mayo Blvd Phoenix AZ 85054 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9304-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000143895.17811.e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i28.3292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1599273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640613487194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4063-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1703-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907500106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70191-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-1104-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i22.2793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"876","volume":"7","author":"Mishra A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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