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However, the role of non\u2010coding eccDNA regions that serve as enhancers has been largely overlooked. Here, genome\u2010wide profiling of serum eccDNAs from donors and MM patients who responded well or poorly to bortezomib\u2010lenalidomide\u2010dexamethasone (VRd) therapy is characterized. A high copy number of eccDNA ANKRD28 (eccANKRD28) predicts poor therapy response and prognosis but enhanced transcriptional activity. Established VRd\u2010resistant MM cell lines exhibit a higher abundance of eccANKRD28, and CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated elevation of eccANKRD28 desensitizes bortezomib and lenalidomide treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Integrated multi\u2010omics analysis (H3K27ac ChIP\u2010seq, scRNA\u2010seq, scATAC\u2010seq, CUT&amp;Tag, et\u00a0al.) identifies eccANKRD28 as an active enhancer involved in drug resistance driven by the key transcription factor, POU class 2 homeobox 2 (POU2F2). POU2F2 interacts with sequence\u2010specific eccANKRD28 as well as RUNX1 and RUNX2 motifs to form the protein complex, which activates the promoter of oncogenes, including <jats:italic>IRF4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>JUNB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IKZF3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RUNX3, and BCL2<\/jats:italic>. This study elucidates the potential transcriptional network of enhancer eccANKRD28 in MM drug resistance from a previously unrecognized epigenetic perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202415695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T10:50:55Z","timestamp":1743591055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancer Extrachromosomal Circular DNA ANKRD28 Elicits Drug Resistance via POU2F2\u2010Mediated Transcriptional Network in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3512-1526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binzhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 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