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Recent studies highlight the interaction between the lung microbiota and the central nervous system. In this study, a nitroglycerin (NTG)\u2010induced chronic migraine model is constructed in male C57BL\/6 mice to explore these interactions. Notable alterations are observed in the lung microbiota of migraine\u2010afflicted mice. Notably, there is a marked decrease in Proteobacteria in the chronic migraine group, associated with short\u2010chain fatty acids and 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine (5\u2010HT). After the intratracheal injection of neomycin, the diversity of the lung microbiota is altered, resulting in the relief of migraines. This effect is also observed in mice that receive neomycin\u2010treated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) transplantation, further demonstrating the role of lung microbiota in this process. The altered lung microbiota activate the pulmonary vagus nerve via the Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor\u2010tropomyosin receptor kinase B (BDNF\u2010TrkB) pathway in the lung, which projects to the central nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). This activation, in turn, stimulates the 5\u2010HT neurons in the DRN, resulting in increased serotonin levels that contribute to pain relief in the chronic migraine model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202416348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T08:35:44Z","timestamp":1743496544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Lung Microbiome Modulates Pain\u2010Like Behavior Via the Lung\u2013Brain Axis in a Nitroglycerin\u2010Induced Chronic Migraine Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 200030 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