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Non\u2010toxigenic <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>, a common human colon symbiote, has been shown to alleviate colitis. However, the underlying mechanisms of this alleviation remain incompletely understood. Herein, it is demonstrated that promoting the secretion of <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic> outer membrane vesicles (Bf<jats:sup>OMVs+<\/jats:sup>) enhances its ability to alleviate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)\u2010induced colitis, while inhibiting <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic> OMV secretion (Bf<jats:sup>OMVs\u2212<\/jats:sup>) reduces this effect. Bf<jats:sup>OMVs+<\/jats:sup> alleviates colitis by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Further, <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic> OMVs (Bf\u2010OMVs) are isolated and extracted, then administered them intraperitoneally to DSS\u2010induced colitis mice, observing that Bf\u2010OMVs can target intestinal tissues, the spleen, and bone marrow, and they are internalized by neutrophils to inhibit NET formation, thereby alleviating colitis. The expression profile of miRNAs in Bf\u2010OMVs is assessed, revealing that Bf\u2010OMVs are enriched with mmu\u2010miR\u2010like sRNA, miR\u20105119, which targets and inhibits PD\u2010L1, leading to the suppression of GSDMD\u2010mediated NET release and promoting the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), culminating in the alleviation of colitis. These findings provide new insights into the role of <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic> OMVs in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T09:16:08Z","timestamp":1750842968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Bacteroides Fragilis\u2010<\/i>Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Deliver MiR\u20105119 and Alleviate Colitis by Targeting PD\u2010L1 to Inhibit GSDMD\u2010Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou 511436 China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Diagnosis for Infectious Diseases in 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