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While NO\u2010dependent\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010nitrosylation fine\u2010tunes immune responses, whether pathogens hijack this process to subvert plant immunity remains unclear. Here it is shown that\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), which maintains NO homeostasis by degrading\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), positively regulates tomato resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora capsici<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Active\u2010site mutations in GSNOR abolished its function in plant defense. Remarkably, GSNOR is manipulated by PcRD18, which is an RxLR effector of\n                    <jats:italic>P. capsici<\/jats:italic>\n                    that is involved in virulence of this oomycete pathogen. PcRD18 elevates the cellular NO content and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010nitrosylation levels by dually inhibiting GSNOR activity and promoting its autophagy\u2010mediated degradation via enhanced ATG8c interaction. Structure analysis reveals critical PcRD18\u2010GSNOR interaction interfaces and mutations in these sites of PcRD18 abolish its ability to interact with GSNOR, thereby blocking the effector's ability to elevate NO levels, suppress the reactive oxygen species (ROS)\u00a0burst, and enhance virulence. GSNOR mutations disrupting PcRD18 binding produced a mutant form of GSNOR enhancing\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance. These findings unveil a pathogen strategy to subvert NO homeostasis through effector\u2010mediated hijacking of GSNOR and suggest that engineering the host\u2010pathogen interface to disrupt the interaction between GSNOR and PcRD18 will enhance crop disease resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T04:28:36Z","timestamp":1750393716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phytophthora Disrupts Plant Immunity by Manipulating Nitric Oxide Homeostasis Through GSNOR Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University\/Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education)\/Guizhou Key Lab of Agro\u2010Bioengineering  Guiyang 550000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu H. 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