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Leveraging the high susceptibility and tractability of Nile tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), 113,356 single immune cells are profiled from head kidney and spleen across multiple infection time points (0, 1, 5, 10, 75 days post\u2010infection and 3 days post\u2010reinfection). This single\u2010cell transcriptomic and flow cytometry analyses revealed distinct activation and transition patterns among neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Neutrophils exhibited early transcriptional remodeling enriched in inflammatory and interferon gamma (IFN\u03b3) signaling pathways. Cross\u2010species integration identified a conserved IFN\u03b3\u2010driven transition toward il8\u207a neutrophils. Furthermore, recombinant interleukin\u20108 (IL8) enhanced antibacterial responses in tilapia and human neutrophils, while inhibition of STAT1 reduced\n                    <jats:italic>IL8<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. IL8 stimulation increased phagocytosis and\u00a0 reactive oxygen species (ROS\uff09 production, supporting its role in neutrophil\u2010mediated bacterial clearance. Together, this findings establish IFN\u03b3\u2010IL8 as a conserved mechanism in vertebrate immunity and a potential target for antibacterial therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T02:11:22Z","timestamp":1751422282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Conserved IFN\u03b3\u2010IL8 Signaling\u2010Induced Antibacterial Neutrophil States during Bacterial Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai 201306 China"},{"name":"International Research Center for Marine Biosciences Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean 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